Abstract
Various tissue engineering techniques have been created in research spanning two centuries, resulting in new opportunities for growing cells in culture and the creation of 3-D tissue-like constructs. These techniques are classified as scaffold-based and scaffold-free techniques. Cell sheet, as a scaffold-free technique, has attracted research interest in the context of drug discovery and tissue repair, because it provides more predictive data for in vivo testing. It is one of the most promising techniques and has the potential to treat degenerative tissues such as heart, kidneys, and liver. In this paper, we argue the advantages of cell sheets as a scaffold-free approach, compared to other techniques, including scaffold-based and scaffold-free techniques such as the classic systemic injection of cell suspension.
Highlights
Research focusing on the mechanisms governing tissue or organ development in tissue has mainly been conducted with cell culture and animal models
Cell-based assays have been widely used in research and drug discovery to investigate drug activity, metabolism, and toxicity in vivo [1]
Some cells, when confluent, are capable of producing high amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM). This feature has been explored to construct scaffold-free and self-producing 3-D matrix structures, using chondrocytes treated with growth factors (GFs) and matured in a mold
Summary
Research focusing on the mechanisms governing tissue or organ development in tissue has mainly been conducted with cell culture and animal models. The majority of biological research is conducted using in vitro two-dimensional (2-D) culture models, though the formation of a monolayer could lead to misleading outcomes. The reason for this is that, within their microenvironment in the human body, cells are surrounded by supporting cellular and non-cellular structures, such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) [1]. Most researchers are still using the 2-D cell culture approach due to its efficiency, simplicity, and low-cost. Methods for 3-D cell culture are classified as scaffold-free or scaffold-based culture models, with the scaffold being produced by organic or synthetic components. The progress of the cell-sheet, as a scaffold-free technique, is described and compared with scaffold-based/free methods
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