Abstract
Due to the unique geographical characteristics of cold alpine and high-altitude regions, glaciers, permafrost, ground ice, rock glaciers, and other periglacial geomorphology have developed with fragile habitats, and these areas are often the birthplaces of many river basins and natural hazards. With global warming and the extensive cryogenesis and physical weathering, the thermal state of permafrost and the mass balance of glaciers have been changed, and thus it can be deduced that the surface deformation is of great concern. To obtain ground subsidence or uplift over a large area to understand local surface changes, the small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SBAS-InSAR) technique was applied to process 89-scene of Sentinel-1A images ranging from December 25, 2017 to January 2, 2021 to obtain surface deformation for these 3 years for the eastern Tianshan Mountains, China. The surface deformation characteristics of the area were analyzed to provide a basic dataset for environmental protection policies and mitigation or reduction of natural hazards in this region, and to verify the applicability of SBAS-InSAR technology in alpine and high-altitude areas. The results show that the SBAS-InSAR technique processing with sentinel-1A dataset cannot be effectively used to acquire ground deformation in areas covered by trees, scrub/shrub, glaciers, snow, and ground ice, where the decohered phenomenon is serious. In other regions, SBAS-InSAR can effectively measure surface subsidence or uplift. Surface deformation is significant throughout the study area, with rates ranging from −70.7 to 50.8 mm/a and with an average rate of 1.1 mm/a. There are obvious regions of uplift in the northwest, northeast, and central sections of the study area, with uplift greater than 155.73 mm in 3 years, and three obvious regions of subsidence in the northeast and west sections of the study area, with subsidence of at least −125.20 mm in 3 years. The remaining areas of deformation are scattered, with smaller amounts of settlement and uplift and with an isolated and sporadic distribution. Areas with elevations of 3,150 to 4,275 m.a.s.l., slopes of 15°–50°, and southwest, west, and northwest aspects are geologic disaster-prone regions and should receive more attention and more field monitoring. The results of this study have important implications for local environmental protection and hazard prevention.
Highlights
Cold alpine and high-altitude regions are characterized by fragile ecosystem habitats where periglacial geomorphology such as glaciers, permafrost, rock glaciers, and subsurface ice is richly developed due to the perennial low-temperature environment (Du et al, 2021a)
The results show that the SBAS-Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique processing with sentinel-1A dataset cannot be effectively used to acquire ground deformation in areas covered by trees, scrub/shrub, glaciers, snow, and ground ice, where the decohered phenomenon is serious
Cold alpine and high-altitude regions are characterized by fragile ecosystem habitats where periglacial geomorphology such as glaciers, permafrost, rock glaciers, and subsurface ice is richly developed due to the perennial low-temperature environment (Du et al, 2021a)
Summary
Cold alpine and high-altitude regions are characterized by fragile ecosystem habitats where periglacial geomorphology such as glaciers, permafrost, rock glaciers, and subsurface ice is richly developed due to the perennial low-temperature environment (Du et al, 2021a). Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) (Massonnet and Feigl, 1998; Hanssen, 2001; Simons and Rosen, 2007; Lu and Dzurisin, 2014) has been developed based on InSAR technology, and multi-temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) (Pepe and Calò, 2017; Zhu et al, 2019; Gatsios et al, 2020; Shahzad et al, 2020) including persistent scatterer InSAR (PS-InSAR) (Ferretti et al, 2001; Colesanti et al, 2003; Zhang et al, 2013; Li et al, 2020; Ge et al, 2021), small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) (Ferretti et al, 2001; Mora et al, 2002; Colesanti et al, 2003; Hu et al, 2021a; Du et al, 2021b), and distributed scatterer InSAR (DS-InSAR) ( Zhu et al, 2018; He and Zhao, 2020; Du et al, 2021d; Hu et al, 2021a) have been developed based on D-InSAR Their practical scope varies, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. As more and more SAR satellites are launched, more and more SAR image data are being used for InSAR processing to monitor ground surface changes
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
