Abstract

For many years, public health practitioners have been puzzled by the fact that vaccines developed to fight specific diseases also have nonspecific effects that alter the host response to unrelated infections. In PNAS, Kleinnijenhuis et al. (1) describe part of the immunological mechanism for the nonspecific effects of vaccines: Bacillus Calmette–Guerin vaccine (bacille Calmette–Guerin), which is used to protect against tuberculosis (TB), induces nonspecific protection against unrelated pathogens via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes.

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