Abstract
Sintering of multicomponent systems is characterized by a number of features, consisting in the fact that sintering of dissimilar materials is a complex eutectic process. Along with self-diffusion, which causes the transfer of mass to the contact area of the particles, there is mutual diffusion, which ensures the homogenization of the composition by equalizing the concentrations of unlike atoms within the sample. Under conditions of limited solubility or complete insolubility of the components, sintering of the system is complicated by the isolation of homogeneous particles from mutual contact, hindering self-diffusion and thereby worsening the sintering conditions.
 The saturation of particles of vacuum glass brand S88–5 (GOST 11.027.010–75, Russia) and glass “Pyrex” (TS, Russia), which are part of iron and “iron-cast iron glass” materials, depending on the sintering temperature, has been studied.
 To improve the interfacial interaction, and, consequently, to increase the mechanical and tribotechnical properties of powdered iron-glass materials, the effect of the glass melting temperature on the saturation of glass with metal was investigated. The dependences of the content of base metal and silicon ions in glass on the sintering temperature are plotted. The effect of the glass melting temperature on increasing the saturation of glass with metal is predicted.
 The saturation of the glass with the base metal depends on the viscosity of the glass at sintering temperatures and is accompanied by an increase in microhardness and refractive indices up to 1.2 times compared to the initial state of the glass.
 The microhardness of particles of vacuum glass of grade S88-5 after sintering of metal-glass samples increases noticeably than in samples with Pyrex glass.
 When sintering "iron-cast iron-glass" materials, the metal base is saturated with silicon, which leads to an increase in the hardness of iron up to 1.8 times
Highlights
During sintering of metal-glass materials, glass is sitalized [1] and it is necessary to develop such modes of glass that would ensure crystallization in the entire volume of glass inclusions, which contributes to an increase in the strength of the material [2]
To improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance of iron of glass materials obtained by cold pressing with subsequent sintering in a protective environment, it is necessary to add components that have better glass wettability to the composition of the charge [4]
By the method of micro-X-ray spectral analysis when comparing the intensities of the excited rays in the samples and standards, the average content of saturated metal and silicon in glass particles that were part of iron-glass, iron-cast iron-glass materials was determined (Fig. 1)
Summary
During sintering of metal-glass materials, glass is sitalized [1] and it is necessary to develop such modes of glass that would ensure crystallization in the entire volume of glass inclusions, which contributes to an increase in the strength of the material [2]. To improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance of iron of glass materials obtained by cold pressing with subsequent sintering in a protective environment, it is necessary to add components that have better glass wettability to the composition of the charge [4]. The use of cast iron powder as part of the charge leads to such an effect [5]. Since cast iron contains a relatively large amount of silicon and manganese, which, during heating, form corresponding hardly reducible oxides, which improve the wettability of the metal frame with glass during sintering [6]. Saturation of glass is accompanied by an increase in the refractive index [7], and under certain conditions, a crystalline phase may appear in it, which includes ions of iron and other metals [8]
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