Abstract
Not many phosphor materials can offer stable output under high incident light intensities. Even the most promising LED phosphors saturate in high-power applications, i.e. they show decreased light output. The saturation behavior is often poorly understood. Here, I will present the efforts of Utrecht University and the lighting company Seaborough Research to unravel the saturation mechanisms of the popular commercial LED phosphor materials CaAlSiN3 doped with Eu2+, and K2SiF6 doped with Mn4+. Experiments with square-wave modulated laser excitation reveal the dynamics of absorption and decay of the luminescent centers. By modeling these dynamics and linking them to the saturation of the phosphor output intensity, we distinguish saturation by ground-state depletion, thermal quenching, and ionization of the centers. We measure and model the effects of external heating and heat transport to the environment.
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