Abstract
The millennium's last solar eclipse was observed on August 11, 1999, over most of Europe, along the northeast coast of North America, and in the Near East and Middle East. The eclipse was also observed by the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), the Global Positioning System (GPS), and the Russian GNSS (GLONASS), because the transmitted signals can be used to infer the total electron content of the ionosphere.Disruption of photoionization and thermospheric heating leads to numerous complex phenomena in the ionosphere. Because of the supersonic speed of the Moon's cool shadow in the atmosphere, atmospheric gravity waves may be generated; these propagate upward and trace as traveling ionosphere disturbances in the ionosphere [Chimonas and Hines, 1970]. Analogous to the atmospheric pressure on the Earth's surface, total electron content (TEC) can be understood as the “pressure” of the electron gas of the ionosphere, which will decrease with reduced energy input.
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