Abstract
Typhoon-induced cooling in the cold dome region off northeastern Taiwan has a major influence on ocean biogeochemistry. It has previously been studied using numerical models and hydrographic observations. Strong cooling is related to upwelling of the Kuroshio subsurface water accompanied by the westward intrusion of the continental shelf by Kuroshio water. By employing satellite observations, local measurements, and a reanalysis of model data, this study compared 18 typhoon-induced sea surface temperature (SST) responses in the cold dome region and determined that SST responses can differ dramatically depending on the relative location of a typhoon path, the Kuroshio Current, and the topography off northeastern Taiwan. The results indicated that local westward and northward wind stress is positively correlated with upwelling intensity. Decreased northward transport in the Taiwan Strait created a condition that favored the Kuroshio intrusion, thus, the typhoon-induced change in Taiwan Strait transport was also positively correlated with the intensity of cooling. However, the strength of Ekman pumping was weakly correlated with the intensity of SST cooling. Nevertheless, Ekman pumping helped reduce the cover of warm water, facilitating the intrusion of the Kuroshio Current.
Highlights
The Kuroshio Current flows northward along the east coast of Taiwan, with its principal stream turning northeast along the continental shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) after leaving the coast (Figure 1)
We found that the strength and duration of southeasterly wind stress and the change in water transport in the Taiwan Strait (TS) were significantly correlated with upwelling intensity
We found that the east–west wind stress of the storm was significantly correlated with the difference of Ic from the poststorm to prestorm period
Summary
The Kuroshio Current flows northward along the east coast of Taiwan, with its principal stream turning northeast along the continental shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) after leaving the coast (Figure 1). Hydrographic observations and current measurements have confirmed the presence of subsurface Kuroshio waters off northeastern Taiwan [1]. Persistent upwelling off this area is associated with weak local cyclonic circulation and the intrusion of Kuroshio waters interacting with the ocean topography [2]. The upwelling brings cold and saline Kuroshio waters to the ECS continental shelf, forming a cold dome region. Higher concentrations of nutrients can be found in the upwelled waters, the cold dome is a major fishing ground and its physical properties, along with its spatial and temporal variations, have been widely studied [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].
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