SAT-132 The Secretory Vesicle Membrane Protein, CYB561, Promotes the Growth and Metastatic Potential of Castration-Resistant Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer

Abstract

An increase in the population of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiated (NED) cells and their secretory products are closely correlated with prostate cancer (PCa) resistance to existing therapies and eventual progression to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). It is hypothesized that NED cells secrete neuropeptides that support tumor growth and induce aggressiveness of adjacent proliferating tumor cells through a paracrine mechanism. A gene that is constitutively expressed in secretory vesicles of NE cells, and has been previously found to be highly expressed in CRPC and cancer of several tissues is Cytochrome b561 (CYB561). The CYB561 gene encodes a secretory vesicle transmembrane protein that primarily functions in the regeneration of ascorbic acid, a necessary step in the α-amidation activation process in the biosynthesis of most neuropeptides. The CYB561 protein also exhibits ferrireductase activity and may contribute in regulating iron transport and metabolism, which are two other pathways often dysregulated in cancer. These findings led us to hypothesize that CYB561 may be a key player in the NE differentiation process that drives the progression of prostate cancers into the more aggressive NE subtype. In our study, we found that CYB561 expression is higher in metastatic and NE PCa (NEPC) models compared to normal prostate epithelia, and that its expression is not affected by androgen treatment or steroid deprivation. Lentiviral-mediated knockdown of CYB561 in the NEPC cell line, PC-3, decreased the expression of genes involved in NE differentiation and labile iron pool storage, decreased cell proliferation, reduced cell survival in a colony formation assay, and slowed down cell migration in a wound-healing assay. Treatment of normal prostate epithelial cells, PNT1A, with conditioned media from CYB561 knockdown PC-3 cells led to a decrease in proliferation rate when compared to treatment of PNT1A cells with media from CYB561 expressing (control) PC-3 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the role of CYB561 in supporting the growth and metastatic potential of NEPC cells, and highlights the potential use of CYB561 as a therapeutic target and biomarker that can be used to identify more aggressive disease.