Abstract
Human coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV-2, are emerging pandemic infectious diseases with high morbidity and mortality in certain group of patients. In general, SARS-CoV-2 causes symptoms ranging from the common cold to severe conditions accompanied by lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome in addition to other organs’ destruction. The main impact upon SARS-CoV-2 infection is damage to alveolar and acute respiratory failure. Thus, lung cancer patients are identified as a particularly high-risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications. On the other hand, it has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), that promotes cellular entry of this virus in concert with host proteases, principally transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Today, there are no vaccines and/or effective drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Thus, manipulation of key entry genes of this virus especially in lung cancer patients could be one of the best approaches to manage SARS-CoV-2 infection in this group of patients. We herein provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the role of ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 genes, as key entry elements as well as therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection, which can help to better understand the applications and capacities of various remedial approaches for infected individuals, especially those with lung cancer.
Highlights
Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy in both men and women and accounts for75–80% of cancer-related deaths, making it the leading cause of mortality worldwide [1]
squamous cell lung cancers (SCC), adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas are usually categorized as non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) as they have different pathological, molecular genetics and clinical characteristics in comparison with small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLC)
It is recommended to use a soluble form of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor that will bind to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2
Summary
Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy in both men and women and accounts for. SCC, adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas are usually categorized as non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) as they have different pathological, molecular genetics and clinical characteristics in comparison with SCLC It is believed, that both genetic, as in family history and polymorphisms, and environmental risk factors are responsible for lung cancer; smoking being the major risk factor for this disease [3,4]. Some of the frequently linked oncoviruses with lung cancer include Epstein Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis viruses B and C (HBV and HCV), and human papillomaviruses (HPVs) [8,9,11] Their causal relationship to lung cancer has not been established yet. This review will focus on the mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 to cancer, especially lung cancer and the potential clinical relevance of the various inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2
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