Sarcopenia, physical activity and sedentary behavior among nursing home residents in Germany

Abstract

Residents in nursing homes show a high prevalence of the musculoskeletal syndrome sarcopenia and tend not to achieve current physical activity recommendations. The aim of this study is to identify differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior of sarcopenic residents compared with nonsarcopenic and presarcopenic residents. Sarcopenia assessment was performed among 63nursing home residents in Baden-Wuerttemberg (D) using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People2 specifications. Structured activity sessions (per week), accelerometer-based physical activity (steps/day), and sedentary behavior (percentual/day) were examined. The group comparisons were determined with Kruskal-Wallis tests and Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc tests. Significant differences were found for number of steps (p = 0.005) and percentual sedentary behavior (p = 0.019). Moreover, steps per day presented significant results in group comparison for no sarcopenia (2824.4 [423-14275]) with probable sarcopenia (1703.9 [118-5663]) and confirmed/severe sarcopenia (1571.2 [240-2392]) (both p = 0.022; |r| = 0.34). Sedentary behavior demonstrated significant differences in groups with no sarcopenia (87.9% [69.1-94.3]) and with probable sarcopenia (91.7% [80.4-9835]) (p = 0.018; |r| = 0.35). Nonsarcopenic residents demonstrated ahigher number of steps and lower sedentary behavior compared with presarcopenic and sarcopenic residents. Increasing steps, reducing sedentary behavior and promoting activities of daily living can contribute to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in the nursing home setting.