Abstract
Background and objective: Although obesity is associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), no study has evaluated the association of PUD with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of sarcopenia and obesity with PUD. Material and Methods: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV and V for 2007–2012 were used. PUD history, dietary, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity patterns, and other socioeconomic factors were analyzed. Sarcopenia index (appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg) ÷ body mass index (kg/m2)) and body fat mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association of sarcopenia with the prevalence of PUD. Results: The 7092 patients were divided into the sarcopenic obesity (SO, n = 870), sarcopenic non-obesity (n = 2676), non-sarcopenic obesity (NSO, n = 2698), and non-sarcopenic non-obesity (NSNO, n = 848) groups. The prevalence of PUD in these groups was 70 (7.9%), 170 (7.4%), 169 (6.3%), and 47 (3.8%), respectively (p < 0.001). A crude analysis revealed that the prevalence of PUD was 2.2-fold higher in the SO group than in the NSNO group (odds ratio (OR), 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5–3.2), the significance of which remained after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance) score (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3–2.7). Conclusion: In conclusion, in this nationally representative cohort, the combination of muscle and fat mass, as well as obesity, was associated with an increased risk of PUD.
Highlights
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) imposes a substantial burden in terms of its symptoms, impairment of the health-related quality of life, and costs [1,2]
The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV data contain detailed information on (1) socioeconomic characteristics including income, educational level, employment, and experience; (2) health behaviors including alcohol consumption, smoking history, physical activity, and sleep duration; (3) medical history including diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, neuromuscular disease, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and malignancy; (4) medication history including for cardiovascular and neuromuscular disorders; (5) anthropometric indices including weight, height, waist circumference, and Body mass index (BMI); and (6) laboratory parameters including the levels of fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), serum insulin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [25]
Health behaviors are associated with sarcopenic status, there was no significant difference in current smoking status (p = 0.2) or regular exercise frequency (p = 0.2) between the two groups
Summary
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) imposes a substantial burden in terms of its symptoms, impairment of the health-related quality of life, and costs [1,2]. The complex and multifactorial pathogenesis of PUD is related to various risk factors [1,2,3]. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), no study has evaluated the association of PUD with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of sarcopenia and obesity with PUD. PUD history, dietary, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity patterns, and other socioeconomic factors were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association of sarcopenia with the prevalence of PUD.
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