Sarcopenia and Its Associations with Dietary Quality in the Community-Dwelling Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eight Cities of China

Abstract

Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia among 18–75y community dwelling residents in eight cities of China, and also the interrelationship between overall dietary quality and sarcopenia. Methods This study used data from the Chinese Urban Adults Diet and Health Study (CUADHS), a cross-sectional survey conducted in eight cities from March to July, 2016. Muscle mass was measured by a direct segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (In-Body S10; Biospace Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea). Sarcopenia was defined per the recommended algorithm of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) for participants ≥65y, while for subjects aged 18–64y, sarcopenia was defines as a Sarcopenia index (SI, calculated as ASM/BMI) of <0.789 in males and <0.521 in females based on the criteria of the Sarcopenia Project. One-day 24-h dietary recall and the semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (semi-FFQ) for one recent month were used to investigate the food consumption. China Healthy Diet Index (CHDI) and Dietary Diversity Scores (DDS) were used to measure overall dietary quality and dietary diversity. Results A total of 1478 participants (519 males and 959 females) were analyzed, after excluding 171 subjects with missing appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) data. The frequencies of sarcopenia were 5.3% and 6.8% among 18–64y group and ≥65y group, respectively. The linear regression was performed after adjusting for age, gender, education level, household income, metabolic equivalent and serum 25(OH)D. The normal groups had significantly higher CHDI values than the sarcopenia groups, both in the ≥65y group (P = 0.026) and the 45–64y group (P = 0.009), but not in the 18–44y group (P = 0.663). However, there was absence of association between sarcopenia and DDS scores in all age groups. Conclusions The prevalence of sarcopenia among the general community-dwelling Chinese adults were relatively high. The inverse association between sarcopenia and overall dietary quality was significant in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults, which indicates that better dietary quality might be therapeutical potential in reducing sarcopenia in this population. Funding Sources This project was funded by the Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd.(Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd.).