Sarcopenia and inflammatory bowel disease: current information

Abstract

With the appearance of the term "sarcopenia" and its definition, updated in 2010 and 2018, an active study of this phenomenon began. Sarcopenia is a generalized, progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and performance leading to reduced quality of life, increased risk of falls, hospitalization, and mortality. Initially, loss of muscle mass was considered an age-associated condition. Today, there is growing interest in premature sarcopenia, which is seen in the setting of malignancy, malnutrition, and chronic inflammatory processes, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Data regarding sarcopenia in patients with IBS are limited. However, published studies suggest a relationship between sarcopenia and unfavorable postoperative outcomes, need for surgical treatment, and disease activity. It is worth noting that sarcopenia is a fairly common phenomenon among patients with CKD, and is observed in 20-70% of cases. The nature of nutritional status disorders in patients suffering from CLC is undergoing changes due to the widespread epidemic of obesity. Sarcopenia in such patients may occur under the mask of obesity, remaining undiagnosed for a long time.
 The aim of the review was to analyze the current information on the incidence of sarcopenia in patients with IBS, its impact on the course of the disease and outcomes of surgical treatment. The following issues need to be addressed today: development of diagnostic criteria for the evaluation of sarcopenia in patients with ICD; inclusion of sarcopenia in the existing models of predicting surgical risks; conducting multicenter prospective studies confirming the influence of sarcopenia on the course and activity of ICD.
 Literature search containing information on relevant studies was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar by keywords: sarcopenia, inflammatory bowel disease, nutritional status, malnutrition, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease.