Abstract
Purpose. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore the effect of protein intake on the prevention and improvement of sarcopenia. Methods. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE from inception to 20 May 2021. Two authors independently selected studies, assessed the quality of included studies, and extracted data. Any disagreement was resolved by discussion with a third author. Results. There were 12 studies that met the selection criteria among 53 eligible publications. The results of the study show that the protein intake has no significant effect on the physical performance—4 m gait speed, chair rise test, short physical performance battery, muscle mass—skeletal muscle mass index, and muscle strength—hand grip strength. Conclusion. Protein supplementation had no significant effect on 4 m gait speed and on improving skeletal muscle mass index, hand grip strength, chair rise test, and short physical performance battery. Additional randomized controlled trials are warranted to adequately assess the effect of protein supplementation on elderly sarcopenia.
Highlights
Sarcopenia is a major health issue among the older population due to the increased risk of adverse outcomes, including falls, frailty, disability, morbidity, and mortality [1]
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of protein intake on sarcopenia among the elderly population
The results of the study show that the protein test, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), muscle mass—skeletal muscle mass index, and muscle strength—hand grip intake had no significant effect on the physical performance—4 m gait speed, chair rise strength
Summary
Sarcopenia is a major health issue among the older population due to the increased risk of adverse outcomes, including falls, frailty, disability, morbidity, and mortality [1]. Sarcopenia is a symptom of skeletal muscle mass and strength loss, and physical performance decline [2]. There is a significant change in body composition with age, such as a decline in muscle mass and gain in body fat. The muscle mass reduces with age, by about 1/3 in those over 50 years old and by a further 15% in those between 70 and 80 years old [3]. 5–13%, and increases to 11–50% in those aged over 80 years [4]. Protein intake in the diet is a key factor to know whether sarcopenia has happened or not. Protein is an important component of cells in the body
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