Abstract
Objectives: The main objective of the present study is to obtain callus and cell suspension culture from Balanitesa egyptiaca sterile plantlets grown in vitro and to compare growth and the biosynthetic potential of saponins, flavonoids and glycosides by callus and cell suspension culture Balanitisa egyptiaca.
 Methods: Callus was induced from the mother plants on MS culture media supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA + 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D with and without agar gelling. Total saponins, glycosides and flavonoids were estimated in both types of cultures over a period extending from 1 to 5 weeks to compare the productivity of such secondary metabolites in callus and cell suspension cultures.
 Results: The results obtained indicated that both calli and cell suspension cultures were able to synthesize the target active ingredients and that cell suspension culture was superior to the callus culture in the biosynthesis and accumulation processes. By the end of the incubation period, the amount of total saponins in cell suspension culture reached up 51.97±0.26 dry biomass compared to 35.02 ±0.06 mg/g in callus culture. The amount of total flavonoids in cell suspension culture reached up 10.88±0.24 dry biomass compared to 6.40±0.02 mg/g in callus culture and of total glycosides reached up 6.11±0.25 dry biomass compared to 5.06 ±0.05 mg/g in callus culture.
 Conclusions: The results obtained in this study may indicate the promising role that plant cell culture will play in the future in phytopharmaceutical industry.
 Peer Review History: 
 Received 16 July 2020; Revised 12 August; Accepted 26 August, Available online 15 September 2020
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 Received file 
 
 Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
 Reviewer(s) detail:
 Name: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel
 Affiliation: Researcher at pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.
 E-mail: gehankandeel9@yahoo.com
 
 Name: Ahmad Najib
 Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemystry Universitas Muslim Indonesia-Indonesia
 E-mail: ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
 
 Comments of reviewer(s): 
 
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Highlights
ObjectivesThe main objective of the present study is to obtain callus and cell suspension culture from Balanitesa egyptiaca sterile plantlets grown in vitro and to compare growth and the biosynthetic potential of saponins, flavonoids and glycosides by callus and cell suspension culture Balanitisa egyptiaca
MATERIALS AND METHODS Callus and cell suspension cultures Balanitesa egyptiaca growing in vitro in Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology laboratory, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, AlAzhar University, Cairo, Egypt was used as a mother plant from which explants were taken
The gradual increase in the amount of flavoinoids continued to the fifth week of growth and the accumulation of flavonoids in microcalli and cell suspension was statistically significant over the corresponding callus culture determinations
Summary
The main objective of the present study is to obtain callus and cell suspension culture from Balanitesa egyptiaca sterile plantlets grown in vitro and to compare growth and the biosynthetic potential of saponins, flavonoids and glycosides by callus and cell suspension culture Balanitisa egyptiaca. Glycosides and flavonoids were estimated in both types of cultures over a period extending from 1 to 5 weeks to compare the productivity of such secondary metabolites in callus and cell suspension cultures. By the end of the incubation period, the amount of total saponins in cell suspension culture reached up 51.97±0.26 dry biomass compared to 35.02 ±0.06 mg/g in callus culture. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study may indicate the promising role that plant cell culture will play in the future in phytopharmaceutical industry.
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