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Abstract
Compounds of natural origin, an infinite treasure of bioactive chemical entities, persist as an inexhaustible resource for discovering new medicines. In this review, we summarize the naturally occurring ellagitannins, sanguiins, which are bioactive constituents of various traditional medicinal plants, especially from the Rosaceae family. In-depth studies of sanguiin H-6 as an antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and osteoclastogenesis inhibitory agent have led to potent drug candidates. In addition, recently, virtual screening studies have suggested that sanguiin H-6 might increase resistance toward SARS-CoV-2 in the early stages of infection. Further experimental investigations on ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) supplemented with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation are still needed to fully understand sanguiins’ mechanism of action. In sum, sanguiins appear to be promising compounds for additional studies, especially for their application in therapies for a multitude of common and debilitating ailments.
Highlights
This manuscript summarizes the findings on the widespread bioactivities of sanguiin H-1 (SH1), sanguiin H-2 (SH2), sanguiin H-3 (SH3), sanguiin H-4 (SH4), sanguiin H-6 (SH6), sanguiin H-10 (SH10), and sanguiin H-11 (SH11) to showcase their potential to be used as therapeutic agents
H5, sanguiin H-2, sanguiin H2, sanguiin H-11, sanguiin H11, sanguiin H-4, sanguiin H4, sanguiin H-3, sanguiin H3, ellagitannins, tannins, Rubus, anticancer, antiviral, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, biological activity, antimicrobial, biological potential, metabolism, clinical trials, preclinical trials, chemistry, galloyl moiety, absorption, distribution, excretion, toxicity, perspectives, trials, pharmacological, natural product, secondary metabolites, therapeutic agent, inhibitory activity, inhibitors, dose, efficacy, exposure, experimental model, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, geographical location, as well as each of species containing sanguiins combined with traditional use, traditional medicine, or folk medicine
The results showed that SH6 was active against Streptococcus A (MIC = 0.5 mg/mL), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC = 0.5 mg/mL), Corynebacterium diphtheriae (MIC = 0.03 mg/mL), Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 0.5 mg/mL), Clostridium sporogenes (MIC = 0.06 mg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.25 mg/mL), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 0.125 mg/mL), and Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC = 0.5 mg/mL) [27]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The main advantage of sanguiins over other common polyphenols in the plant world is their wide distribution in food products Their health-promoting properties can be used in a properly balanced diet [11]. Various bioactivities (e.g., antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial) of sanguiins, mainly sanguiin H-6, have been investigated, their pharmacological potential demonstrated in vitro, in silico, and in vivo experimental models has not been clearly organized through review articles. This manuscript summarizes the findings on the widespread bioactivities of sanguiin H-1 (SH1), sanguiin H-2 (SH2), sanguiin H-3. (SH11) to showcase their potential to be used as therapeutic agents
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