Abstract
With the advances in new materials, equipment, and processes, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increased importance for producing the final parts that are used in several industrial areas, such as automotive, aeronautics, and health. The constant development of 3D-printing equipment allows for printing multi-material systems as sandwich specimens using, for example, double-nozzle configurations. The present study aimed to compare the mechanical behavior of multi-material specimens that were produced using a double-nozzle 3D printer. The materials that were included in this study were the copolymer acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The configuration of the sandwich structures consisted of a core of TPU and the outer skins made of one of the other three materials. The mechanical behavior was evaluated through three-point bending (3PB) and transverse impact tests and compared with mono-material printed specimens. The effect of aging in artificial saliva was evaluated for all the processed materials. The main conclusion of this study was that the aging process did not significantly alter the mechanical properties for mono-materials, except for PMMA, where the maximum flexural stress decreased. In the sandwich structures, the TPU core had a softening effect, inducing a significant increase in the resilience and resistance to transverse impact. The obtained results are quite promising for applications in biomedical devices, such as protective mouthguards or teeth aligners. In these specific applications, the changes in the mechanical properties with time and with the contact of saliva assume particular importance.
Highlights
Published: 21 November 2021Over the last 50 years, fast and continuous progress in the manufacturing industry has been achieved due to advances in manufacturing processes [1]
Behavior of the printed at the vertices of the produced notch, which corresponded to the place with the highest multi-material sandwich structures was compared with each of the mono-materials that concentration tension
It is worth highlighting that the skins that did not face the hammer did not present From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the presence of saliva had an imany visible crack formation, indicating that the developed sandwich structures can be used pact on some of the printed mono-materials
Summary
Over the last 50 years, fast and continuous progress in the manufacturing industry has been achieved due to advances in manufacturing processes [1]. These manufacturing processes can be divided into two major groups: subtractive (SM) and additive manufacturing (AM). AM is a term that defines all the manufacturing processes in which material is added successively, by layers, to create three-dimensional parts and, with a more sustainable bottom-up methodology [2]. AM stands out compared to other modern manufacturing techniques because of the wide range of materials that can be used, such as plastics, ceramics, metal alloys, paper, and sand [3]. During fabrication with any AM process, the waste material was found to be minimal compared with SM
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