Abstract
Small molecules and ions play a critical role in biological and environmental systems. The detection of small molecules and ions is a significantly important issue and still a challenge in analytical chemistry. In the past decade, large attention has been paid to the detection of small molecules and ions based on sandwich assays due to their high sensitivity and selectivity. In this chapter, we summarize some sandwich assays for the detection of small molecules and ions that were proposed in recent years. The detection techniques afforded in the sandwich assays for the detection of small molecules and ions include electrochemical method, electrochemiluminescence method, fluorescence method, colorimetric method, and some other methods such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM).
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