Abstract
The high proportion of cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis reported amongst residents in the city of Bandeirantes, in the state of Paraná, Brazil, led the authors to investigate the phlebotomine fauna in both urban and rural environments. The sandflies were captured with automatic light traps from 07:00 pm-07:00 am fortnightly in 11 urban peridomiciles from April 2008-March 2009 and monthly in three ecotopes within four rural localities from April 2009-March 2010. In one of these latter localities, sandfly capture was conducted with white/black Shannon traps during each of three seasons: spring, summer and fall. A total of 5,729 sandflies of 17 species were captured. Nyssomyia neivai (46.7%) and Nyssomyia whitmani (35.3%) were the predominant species. In this study, 3,865 specimens were captured with automatic light traps: 22 (0.083 sandflies/trap) in the urban areas and 3,843 (26.69 sandflies/trap) in the rural areas. Ny. neivai was predominant in urban (68.2%) and rural (42.8%) areas. A total of 1,864 specimens were captured with the white/black Shannon traps and Ny. neivai (54.5%) and Ny. whitmani (31.4%) were the predominant species captured. The small numbers of sandflies captured in the urban areas suggest that the transmission of Leishmania has occurred in the rural area due to Ny. neivai and Ny. whitmani as the probable vectors.
Highlights
Leishmaniasis ranks second among the six most common infectious and parasitic diseases in the world and approximately 350 million people are at risk for infection
Using the two techniques in the urban (11 sites) and rural environments (13 sites), 5,729 sandflies belonging to 17 species of four subtribes were captured: Brumptomyiina - Brumptomyia brumpti (Larrousse, 1920), Brumptomyia cunhai (Mangabeira, 1942) and Brumptomyia nitzulescui (Costa Lima, 1932), Lutzomyiina - Evandromyia correalimai (Martins, Coutinho & Luz, 1970 ), Evandromyia cortelezzii (Brèthes, 1923), Expapillata firmatoi (Barretto, Martins & Pellegrino, 1956), Mg. migonei, Pintomyia christenseni (Young & Duncan, 1994), Pi. fischeri, Pi. pessoai and Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte, 1927), Psychodopygina - Ny. neivai, Ny.whitmani and Psathyromyia sp. (Floch & Chassignet, 1947) and Sergentomyiina - Micropygomyia ferreirana (Barretto, Martins & Pellegrino, 1956) and Micropygomyia longipennis (Barretto, 1946) (Table I)
A total of 3,843 specimens were captured with automatic light traps (144 traps installed) in the rural area, yielding an average of 26.69 sandflies/trap
Summary
Leishmaniasis ranks second among the six most common infectious and parasitic diseases in the world and approximately 350 million people are at risk for infection. A total of 260,486 ACL cases were reported in Brazil between 2000-2009: 6,625 (2.6%) occurred in the southern region and 6,010 (90.7%) of those occurred in the state of Paraná (PR) [Health Informatics Department of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (datasus.gov.br/DATASUS/index.php)] (MS 2010) In this state, the majority of Studies of the sandfly fauna in PR have been undertaken more extensively in the northern region, where the greatest numbers of ACL cases have been registered (Gomes & Galati 1977, Teodoro et al 1991, 1993a, b, 2001, 2006, Teodoro & Kuhl 1997, Oliveira et al 2000, Massafera et al 2005). The high urban prevalence of ACL cases (81/123; 66%) between 2000-2009 in the municipality of Bandeirantes (Cruz 2010) created the need to investigate the behaviours of these insects in both urban and rural environments to better understand the epidemiology of the disease
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