Abstract
A System-of-Systems (SoS) is a complex, dynamic system whose Constituent Systems (CSs) are not known precisely at design time, and the environment in which they operate is uncertain. SoS behavior is unpredictable due to underlying architectural characteristics such as autonomy and independence. Although the stochastic composition of CSs is vital to achieving SoS missions, their unknown behaviors and impact on system properties are unavoidable. Moreover, unknown conditions and volatility have significant effects on crucial Quality Attributes (QAs) such as performance, reliability and security. Hence, the structure and behavior of a SoS must be modeled and validated quantitatively to foresee any potential impact on the properties critical for achieving the missions. Current modeling approaches lack the essential syntax and semantics required to model and verify SoS behaviors at design time and cannot offer alternative design choices for better design decisions. Therefore, the majority of existing techniques fail to provide qualitative and quantitative verification of SoS architecture models. Consequently, we have proposed an approach to model and verify Non-Deterministic (ND) SoS in advance by extending the current algebraic notations for the formal models as a hybrid stochastic formalism to specify and reason architectural elements with the required semantics. A formal stochastic model is developed using a hybrid approach for architectural descriptions of SoS with behavioral constraints. Through a model-driven approach, stochastic models are then translated into PRISM using formal verification rules. The effectiveness of the approach has been tested with an end-to-end case study design of an emergency response SoS for dealing with a fire situation. Architectural analysis is conducted on the stochastic model, using various qualitative and quantitative measures for SoS missions. Experimental results reveal critical aspects of SoS architecture model that facilitate better achievement of missions and QAs with improved design, using the proposed approach.
Highlights
A System-of-Systems (SoS) is a complex system that behaves in a stochastic manner resulting from the collaboration among various heterogeneous sub-systems known as Constituent Systems (CSs)
The results reveal that starting with HWF, the long-term stability of CPSFS nodes for fire detection, smoke, and humidity, is expected to be lower than 50%, and there is a greater chance that at certain stages, one or all of the starting Cyber-Physical System (CPS) nodes may fail once the fire spreads
WORK In this research paper, we have proposed a comprehensive approach for the modeling and verification of complex SoS architectures
Summary
A System-of-Systems (SoS) is a complex system that behaves in a stochastic manner resulting from the collaboration among various heterogeneous sub-systems known as Constituent Systems (CSs). Among various SA modeling tools, formal Architecture Description Languages (ADLs) are strong candidates for representing software systems architecture in the form of components (CSs), connectors (Mediators), and resulting configurations/coalitions [16]–[18] The majority of these ADLs are based on core process algebras originating mainly from Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS) [19] and Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) [20] to model the SoS architecture [21]–[24]. These formal ADLs individually based on process algebraic notations, i.e. CCS, CSP, SPA and related approaches [26] have certain limitations when it comes to modeling SoS [4], [11] These limitations include: (a) vocabulary and reasoning capabilities to manage the.
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