Sampling strategy of an epidemiological survey using a satellite image program.

Alessandra Pascotini Grellmann,Carlos Heitor Cunha Moreira Cunha Moreira,Fabricio Batistin Zanatta,Janice Marin,Jociana Boligon,José Mariano Da Rocha,Maísa Casarin,Silvia Cardoso De David,Thiago Machado Ardenghi,Ticiane De Góes Mário Ferreira

doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000834

Alessandra Pascotini Grellmann, Carlos Heitor Cunha Moreira Cunha Moreira + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000834

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Abstract

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo describe the sampling strategy of an epidemiological survey with the aid of satellite images, including details of the multistage probability sampling process.METHODSA probability sample of individuals living in the rural area of Rosário do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, aged 15 years old or more, was evaluated. Participants answered questionnaires (medical history, sociodemographic characteristics, habits, alcohol use, quality of life, stress, rumination, and self-perceived periodontal diseases), and were subjected to clinical oral examinations as well as anthropometric measurements (blood pressure, height, weight, abdominal and waist circumferences). Oral evaluation comprehended a complete periodontal exam at six sites per tooth, including the following assessments: furcation involvement; dental abrasion; tooth decay, including the indexing of missing and filled surfaces; O’Brien index; gingival abrasion; oral cavity and lip lesions; complete periapical radiographic exam, and use of prostheses. Besides this oral clinical approach, subgingival plaque, crevicular gingival fluid, saliva, and blood samples were collected. Examiners were trained and calibrated during previous evaluations. A pilot study allowed the logistic of the performed exams to be adjusted as needed.RESULTSAmong 1,087 eligible individuals, 688 were examined (63.3%). Age, sex, and skin color data were compared to data from the last demographic census (2010) of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, which served to validate the sampling strategy.CONCLUSIONSThe careful methods used in this study, in which satellite images were used in the delimitation of epidemiological areas, ensure the quality of the estimates obtained and allow for these estimates to be used in oral health surveillance and health policies improvements.

Highlights

Oral disorders remain highly prevalent, affecting 3.5 billion people worldwide[1]
Periodontal disease, edentulism or severe tooth loss, and lip or oral cavity cancer had an increase of 25.4%, 27.3%, and 38.6%, respectively[1]
The main cause of DALY related to oral conditions is tooth loss (7.6 million DALY), followed by severe chronic periodontitis (3.5 million DALY) and untreated caries (1.7 million DALY)[2]

Summary

Introduction

Oral disorders remain highly prevalent, affecting 3.5 billion people worldwide[1]. Almost 50% of the world’s population suffers from disabilities related to oral conditions[2]. Untreated caries in permanent teeth[2] are the most prevalent oral illness, and went through an increase of 14.5% between 2005 and 20151. Periodontal disease, edentulism or severe tooth loss, and lip or oral cavity cancer had an increase of 25.4%, 27.3%, and 38.6%, respectively[1]. The numbers are more disturbing when the years of healthy life lost due to premature disability (disability-adjusted life years, DALY) are considered. The main cause of DALY related to oral conditions is tooth loss (7.6 million DALY), followed by severe chronic periodontitis (3.5 million DALY) and untreated caries (1.7 million DALY)[2]

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Conclusion