Sampling or Intermittency in the Hand Control System

Abstract

In the studies described in this chapter we have examined the control system for human hand movement, using the approaches of several different disciplines. In studying the performance of the system, its limits, and possibilities as a human engineer would, we have used a tracking situation and complex input to obtain differing frequency response. We have utilized known facts and data from the physiological literature, and also have simulated muscle and muscle spindle dynamics to define the blocks within the total motor control system of man. As neurologists we have organized the “topology” of these physiological elemental blocks into a model in a manner that seems compatible with actual neurological organization as far as it is known. To further refine and assess our model, we have utilized studies in persons with neurological defects, such as Parkinson’s disease, and have studied the effects of drugs producing temporary paralysis of gamma efferent fibers. Finally, as control engineers interested in neurological control systems, we have used special experimental techniques such as opening loops by clamping methods in order to expose certain essential characteristics of this elegant feedback control system [70, 100].