Abstract
This chapter explores the importance of sampling error and how sample size can affect sampling error, including the calculation of the size and number of samples for a given sampling error. It reviews the use of sampling in a quantitative way to examine the concept of sampling error. It also highlights the seven major types of associated sampling error: fundamental error, grouping and segregation error, long-range heterogeneity error, periodic heterogeneity error, periodic heterogeneity error, increment extraction error, and preparation error. The chapter talks about the division of material heterogeneity into two classes that caused sampling errors: constitution heterogeneity and distribution heterogeneity. It explains how a total sampling error can be distributed into correct sampling errors and incorrect sampling errors.
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