Sample-Grouping-Based Vector Quantization for Secret Key Extraction From Atmospheric Optical Wireless Channels

Abstract

Vector quantization is a viable solution to the problem as to full utilization of randomness provided by statistically dependent channel measurements in secret key extraction from randomly fluctuating channels. By aiming at atmospheric optical wireless channels, new vector quantization schemes based on sample grouping (SG) are proposed by using different ways, specifically, the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K\text {-dimensional}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> tree (KDT) partition and random placement, to separate samples of the dimension-reduced channel coefficient vector into a given number of groups, with each containing equal number of samples. Use of the KDT partition leads to both the basic KDT-partition-based quantization (B-KDTPQ) and improved KDT-partition-based quantization (I-KDTPQ) schemes. On the other hand, utilization of the random placement brings forth the random equisized grouping based quantization (REGQ) scheme. Performance evaluation shows that, due to use of quantization symbol modification, the I-KDTPQ scheme always has lower quantization symbol disagreement rate (QSDR) than the B-KDTPQ scheme; compared with the I-KDTPQ scheme, the REGQ scheme has more flexibility in accommodating itself to various conditions of channel coefficient fluctuations and noise levels.