Abstract
Adipocyte-specific transcription factors and antioxidants are considered the best target of obesity. Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus (A. dioicus, Samnamul) is easily available owing to edible and inexpensive. However, the anti-adipogenic effects of the underlying mechanism of A. dioicus extract (ADE) have not yet been reported. In the present study, we evaluate anti-adipogenic pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, antioxidant activities and quantified phenolics using high-performance liquid chromatography of ADE. The results revealed ADE had reduced adipocyte differentiation (0.72-fold vs. MDI (media of differentiation) control), triglyceride (TG; 0.50-fold vs. MDI control, p < 0.001), and total cholesterol contents (0.77-fold vs. MDI control) by regulating adipocyte-specific transcription factors (C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP1) and their downstream mRNA (AdipoQ, Ap2, SREBP1-c, and FAS) levels. Furthermore, ADE has higher total phenol and flavonoid contents and scavenging assay in the DPPH and ABTS+. In particularly, ADE contains chlorogenic acid (7.04 mg/kg), caffeic acid (20.14 mg/kg), ferulic acid (1.74 mg/kg), veratric acid (29.31 mg/kg), cinnamic acid (4.70 mg/kg), and quercetin (4.18 mg/kg). In conclusion, since these phenols, especially quercetin, in the ADE appear to reduce differentiation, TG and cholesterol content by regulating adipocyte-specific transcription factors in adipocytes, ADE has the potential to be developed into a new antioxidant and anti-obesity therapeutics.
Highlights
Obesity means an excessive accumulation of fat in the body by an increase in hypertrophy of adipose cells with no effects on the number of cells and causes chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers [1,2]
The CAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family are known to play a role in the transcriptional activation of adipogenesis [6]
We explored whether A. dioicus extract (ADE) alters the expression of lipogenic-related protein and mRNA on 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Summary
Obesity means an excessive accumulation of fat in the body by an increase in hypertrophy of adipose cells with no effects on the number of cells and causes chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers [1,2]. The prevalence rate of obesity has increased to the extent that it can be considered as a global syndemic such as epidemics and climate change [3]. C/EBPα and PPARγ are activated just before or concomitantly with the transcription of most adipocyte-specific genes [6] Another transcription factor, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) including SREBP-2, SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c, regulates gene expression associated with lipogenesis [7]. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) including SREBP-2, SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c, regulates gene expression associated with lipogenesis [7] These factors involved in adipocyte differentiation were significantly regulated by oxidative stress [8]. Adipocyte-specific transcription factors and antioxidants are a significant target of anti-obesity agents
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