Sambucus racemosa L. fruit extracts obtained with conventional and deep eutectic solvents

Abstract

This study aimed to provide information on the extraction yields, total phenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and qualitative-quantitative chemical composition of the extracts obtained from the dried fruit of Sambucus racemosa L. with conventional solvents (methanol, acetone, chloroform) and deep eutectic solvents (choline chloride urea and choline chloride glycerol). Solid-liquid extraction, Folin- Ciocalteu method, DPPH free radical scavenging, HPLC-UV/VIS were the methods used in this study. The highest extraction yield (18%) was obtained with ChCl:G as an extragent. The highest amount of total flavonoids was the content of this extract (12.3 mg QE/g d.e.). Extracts obtained with acetone and ChCl:U possess the highest amount of total phenol content (125.26 and 104.38 mg GAE/g d.e. respectively). All tested extracts showed free radical scavenging activity. Identified components of extracts are gallic acid, rutin, caftaric acid, caffeic acid, hyperoside, vitexin, and quercetin. Fruit extracts of S. racemosa are a rich source of phenols and flavonoids. The extracts obtained with DESs are more active in free radical scavenging than those obtained with conventional solvents, and possess qualitatively and quantitatively more components, apart from vitexin that was detected only in the methanol extract.