Salvianolic acid B-loaded polydopamine-modified hollow mesoporous organic silica nanoparticles for treatment of breast cancer metastasis via suppressing cancer-associated fibroblasts

Abstract

ObjectiveDrug Delivery System was constructed using dopamine-coated organic-inorganic hybrid hollow mesoporous organic silica nanoparticles (HMON-PDA) as drug carriers and salvianolic acid B (SAB) as a model drug. Then, we further investigated whether it can inhibit lung metastasis of breast cancer by inhibiting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). MethodsThe organic-inorganic hybrid hollow mesoporous organic silica nanoparticles (HMON) were prepared. The particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersion coefficient were characterized. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the effect of different feed ratios of HMON and SAB on drug loading rate. Then, SAB-loaded HMON were modified by polydopamine, which is called SAB@HMON-PDA. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The migration of 4T1 cells was investigated by wound healing experiment, and the invasion of 4T1 cells was detected by the transwell method. Finally, the mouse breast cancer lung metastasis models were used to explore whether SAB@HMON-PDA can inhibit lung metastasis of breast cancer by inhibiting CAFs. ResultsThe obtained nanoparticles have hollow spherical structure. The average particle sizes of HMON, SAB@HMON, and SAB@HMON-PDA were 143.5 ± 0.03, 138.3 ± 0.02, and 172.3 ± 0.18 nm, respectively. The zeta potentials were -44.33±0.15, -41.4 ± 1.30, and -24.13±0.47 mV, respectively. When the ratio of HMON to SAB was 2:1, the drug loading rate reached (18.37±0.04)%. In addition, the prepared SAB@HMON-PDA responded to release SAB under acidic and GSH conditions. The prepared SAB@HMON-PDA could inhibit the migration and invasion of 4T1 cells. The results showed that SAB@HMON-PDA and SAB could inhibit lung metastasis of breast cancer in mice, and SAB@HMON-PDA had a more significant inhibitory effect than SAB. ConclusionWe successfully prepared SAB@HMON-PDA with the dual response of pH and GSH. SAB@HMON-PDA can inhibit the migration and invasion of 4T1 cells, and the effect is more significant than free SAB. This inhibitory effect may be related to the inhibition of CAFs. In vivo experiments demonstrated that SAB@HMON-PDA can inhibit lung metastasis of breast cancer by inhibiting CAFs, and its effect was more significant than that of free SAB.