Abstract
During the study of variability and biodiversity of some selected genus of wild medicinal plants in the Czech Republic also the content of essential oil of Salvia verticillata and Salvia pratensis was evaluated. At least 5 plants from 7 natural sites in the case of S. verticillata and from 12 localities in the case of S. pratensis were used for experiments. These plants came from 4 protected landscape areas in the Czech Republic and content and composition of essential oil was evaluated ex situ in a field nursery in Olomouc during the period 2006-2008 in two repetitions every year. The yield of essential oil was found between 0.026 and 0.057% of dry mass in S. verticillata and 0.008-0.067% in S. pratensis. Statistically significant differences were found between the content of essential oil from individual localities. Also the study of essential oil quality showed different results between both evaluated species as well as between the populations of identical species from different original localities. Only 11 compounds of essential oil were successfully identified and its relationship was evaluated. From that number of compounds the biggest part of S. verticillata essential oil consists of caryophyllene (57.6% at average) and humulene (23.7%) whereas S. pratensis contains mainly caryophyllene (91.6%). On the other hand also the population of S. verticillata with almost 29% of b-pinene and 14% of limonene was found and other exceptions.
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