Abstract
AbstractThermally stable explosives are becoming more and more important nowadays due to their important role in the oil and mining industry. The requirements of these explosives are constantly changing. Picramate‐based compounds are poorly investigated towards their energetic properties as well as sensitivities. In this work, 13 different salts of picramic acid were synthesized as potential energetic materials with high thermal stability in a simple one‐step reaction and compared with commercially used lead picramate. The obtained compounds were extensively characterized by e. g. XRD, IR, EA, DTA, and TGA. In addition, the sensitivities towards impact and friction were determined with the BAM drop hammer and the BAM friction tester. Also, the electrostatic discharge sensitivity was explored. Calculations of the energetic performance of selected compounds were carried out with the current version of EXPLO5 code. Therefore, heats of formation were computed and X‐ray densities were converted to room temperature. Some of the synthesized salts show promising characteristics with high exothermic decomposition temperatures. Especially, the water‐free rubidium, cesium, and barium salts 5, 6 and 10 with decomposition temperatures of almost 300 °C could be promising candidates for future applications.
Highlights
The field of energetic materials is manifold and can be divided into several subgroups, such as propellants, primary or high explosives, which is leading to numerous and diverse applications [1,2,3]
It was used as starting material to prepare picramic acid (2) (Scheme 2) by straightforward protonation with hydrochloric acid
The low solubility of Zn(PAM)2 leads to the immediate precipitation of the product after mixing of the solutions
Summary
The field of energetic materials is manifold and can be divided into several subgroups, such as propellants, primary or high explosives, which is leading to numerous and diverse applications [1,2,3]. Various strategies exist for designing new energetic materials, like increasing the energy of a molecule by ring or cage strain Another approach is the synthesis of nitrogen-rich compounds, which release a lot of energy during their decomposition, due to their large endothermic heat of formation. In 1961 Glowiak et al demonstrated, based on lead picrate and lead picramate, that the replacement of a nitro group by an amino group leads to an increase in thermal stability with simultaneously reduced impact sensitivity [14]. A few already known salts were reinvestigated in detail, due to the lack of analytical data in literature
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