Salt-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with programmed temperature vaporization gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of haloacetonitriles in drinking water

Abstract

We report here a new analytical method for the simultaneous determination of seven haloacetonitriles (HANs) in drinking water by coupling salt-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (SADLLME) with programmed temperature vaporizer-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (PTV-GC–MS). The newly developed method involves the dispersion of the extractant in aqueous sample by addition of a few grams of salt and no dispersion liquid was required as compared to the traditional DLLME methods. The extractant (CH2Cl2, 50μL) and the salt (Na2SO4, 2.4g) were successively added to water (8mL) in a conical centrifuge tube that was shaken for 1min and centrifuged (3500rpm, 3min). The aliquot of sedimented phase (4μL) was then directly injected into the PTV-GC–MS system. The limits of detection and quantification for the HANs were 0.4–13.2ngL−1 and 1.2–43.9ngL−1, respectively. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r2≥0.9904) over 3 orders of magnitude. The repeatability of the method was investigated by evaluating the intra- and inter-day precisions. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) obtained were lower than 10.2% and 7.8% at low and high concentration levels. The relative recoveries ranged from 79.3% to 105.1%. The developed methodology was applied for the analysis of seven HANs in several drinking water samples in coastal and inland cities of China. It was demonstrated to be a simple, sensible, reproducible and environment friendly method for the determination of trace HANs in drinking water samples.