Abstract
The formation of new proteins under the influence of harsh environmental conditions is a plant adaptation reaction. Two-year-old date palm tissue culture-derived plants from ‘Barhee’ grown in the field were subjected to salt stress (70 g l-1 NaCl) and dehydration-induced by applying 70 g l-1 polyethylene glycol or without irrigation and withholding irrigation (0 g l-1) for one month. The soluble carbohydrate content increased in response to salinity and polyethylene glycol treatment in leaves compared to the control and drought treatment without irrigation. Proline increased in all treatments. Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide increased under salinity. Salinity treatment increased the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzyme. Salinity and polyethylene glycol treatments increased abscisic acid, whereas the indoleacetic acid level decreased. The protein pattern of roots and leaves in one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the stress conditions led to new protein bands' appearance and other proteins' disappearance. A comparison of protein patterns between the control and stress treatments revealed that the relative intensity of proteins in roots and leaves were more associated with salinity treatment than the drought. The results may be clearing important the molecular mechanism of tolerance under the influence of extreme environmental stress.
Highlights
Protein pattern analysis is a helpful instrument for testing plants’ reactions to abiotic stress (Piasecka et al, 2019)
Two-year-old date palm plants ‘Barhee’ regenerated from tissue culture were used in this experiment, which was conducted at Alharthah, Basrah, Iraq (30°38’47.1”N 47°45’08.2”E) during 2019
Ter one month of treatment, the soluble carbohydrates’ content increased significantly in response to salinity and polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatments in leaves related to the control and drought treatment
Summary
Protein pattern analysis is a helpful instrument for testing plants’ reactions to abiotic stress (Piasecka et al, 2019). Changes in natural conditions influence the quality and amount of plant proteins. This study aimed to identify the genes involved in salinity tolerance using a basic yeast functional bioassay. The expression levels of selected genes that make yeast cells tolerant to salt were subsequently validated in the leaf and root tissues of date palm seedlings using a quantitative PCR method. Sequence analysis of the recombinant yeast plasmids revealed the presence of a group of genes with potential salt-tolerance functions, such as aquaporins Salt stress is a major limiting factor in plant development and can lead to water stress (Elsheery et al, 2020; Shareef et al, 2020). Determination of stress resistance involves useful molecules that induce adaptation reactions of the developing plant under stress conditions, such as specific proteins ( Ghatak et al, 2017; Mohamed et al, 2018)
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