Salon, Foyer, Bureau: Women and the Professions in France

Abstract

Government-sponsored occupations are major outlets for women professionals in France, although women are underrepresented at higher levels. Under French traditions, teaching and public administration are highly professionalized, offering distinctive opportunities for women. Access for women to higher education in France compares favorably with other Western societies, but it is patterned by class inequalities that have the effect of diminishing the role of higher education as a path to the professions for women. The contrast between potential and actual professional achievement has not led to "feminist" counter-ideologies. This situation is analyzed in terms of national and class values defining the nature of women, of high culture, and the relationship between government and society. The professional achievements of French women, although comparatively substantial, are interpreted as constrained and ambiguous.