Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the molecular epidemiology, resistance, and pathogenicity of Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae isolated from children.MethodsWhole genome sequencing was carried out, and molecular serotypes, sequence types, resistance genes, and virulence genes of S. enterica subsp. diarizonae isolates were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined by commercialized microdilution method.ResultsA total of three isolates of S. enterica subsp. diarizonae were isolated during 2015 to 2020. The molecular serotypes of the three strains were 61:c:z35, 61:l,v:1,5,7:[z57], and 65:k:z, respectively, and the sequence types were ST1845, ST233, and ST1263. All the three isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, ertapenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. No other resistant gene was detected except aac(6’)-Iaa. There were no resistant plasmids detected in all the three isolates. A total of 76 genes were present in all isolates, containing 49 genes of Type III Secretion System (T3SS) mediated by SPI-1and SPI-2, 13 genes of adherence (type 1 fimbriae, Agf, and MisL-related genes), 11 genes of iron uptake (Yersiniabactin), two genes of magnesium uptake, and one gene of typhoid toxin(cdtB).ConclusionThe serotypes and sequence types of S. enterica subsp. diarizonae isolates were rarely reported in children; all the S. enterica subsp. diarizonae isolates were susceptible to detected antibiotics; T3SS, adherence, iron uptake, magnesium uptake, and typhoid toxin were responsible for pathogenicity of the S. enterica subsp. diarizonae isolates in children.
Highlights
Salmonella is the predominant bacteria causing diarrhea in children, especially in infancy and early childhood, which seriously threatens the lives and health of children, and previous study has stated that there were over 93 million cases of gastroenteritis and 155,000 deaths caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella per year (Majowicz et al, 2010)
Limited study has been reported in the area of molecular epidemiology, resistance, and pathogenicity of S. enterica subsp. diarizonae in children (Gerlach et al, 2017; Giner-Lamia et al, 2019)
This study set out using Whole genome sequencing (WGS) to determine the molecular epidemiology, resistance, and pathogenicity of S. enterica subsp. diarizonae in children from a tertiary university children’s hospital in China during 2015 to 2020
Summary
Salmonella is the predominant bacteria causing diarrhea in children, especially in infancy and early childhood, which seriously threatens the lives and health of children, and previous study has stated that there were over 93 million cases of gastroenteritis and 155,000 deaths caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella per year (Majowicz et al, 2010). All of Salmonella infections in humans were caused by the strain of S. enterica subsp. Diarizonae is known to cause infections in ectothermic animals (Schroter et al, 2004). Diarizonae related cases in human have been gradually reported (Chong et al, 1991; Gerlach et al, 2017; Giner-Lamia et al, 2019; Uelze et al, 2020; Pan et al, 2021). Limited study has been reported in the area of molecular epidemiology, resistance, and pathogenicity of S. enterica subsp. Diarizonae in children (Gerlach et al, 2017; Giner-Lamia et al, 2019). This study set out using WGS to determine the molecular epidemiology, resistance, and pathogenicity of S. enterica subsp. This study set out using WGS to determine the molecular epidemiology, resistance, and pathogenicity of S. enterica subsp. diarizonae in children from a tertiary university children’s hospital in China during 2015 to 2020
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