Abstract
This study investigated faecal carriage and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Salmonella enterica recovered from rangeland goats. Faecal samples (n = 400) were collected at slaughter from four consignments of goats (n = 100 samples per consignment), each from one of four localities in Western Australia. Carriage of Salmonella spp. was detected in 106 samples (26.5%; 95% CI 22.4–31.0%). The rate of faecal carriage for each consignment ranged between 23–30%. PCR assays targeting the STM2755 and STM4497 genes revealed 84.9% (90/106) of the isolates were of serovar Typhimurium. Salmonella Chester (11/106, 10.4%) and S. Saintpaul (5/106, 4.7%) were characterised at invA and ompF genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that 84.0% of isolates were susceptible to all tested (n = 13) antimicrobials. Resistance was identified to azithromycin (14.2%), tetracycline (10.4%), ampicillin (5.7%), amoxicillin–clavulanate and cefoxitin (3.8%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (1.9%), gentamicin and streptomycin (0.9%). No isolate was resistant to four or more antimicrobials, or to critically important antimicrobials such as fluoroquinolones and extended spectrum cephalosporins. This is the first study reporting AMR in Salmonella isolates from Australian rangeland goats. The rate of detection of AMR was very low, some resistance to low-importance drugs was present in the Salmonella population, despite the absence of active selection pressure.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a human and animal health issue due to the potential for the transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria between animals and humans via a number of pathways[1]
The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance status of non-typhoidal Salmonella in the faeces of Australian rangeland goats presented for slaughter in Western Australia
The overall rate of detection of Salmonella faecal carriage was 106/400 (26.5%), with faecal carriage in the four consignments ranging between 23–30% (Table 2)
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a human and animal health issue due to the potential for the transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria between animals and humans via a number of pathways[1]. In other parts of the world carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli) have been detected in livestock (buffalo calves and beef cattle)[8], and recently in free-ranging Australian silver gull (E. coli)[9] and domestic cats[10] (Salmonella enterica Typhimurium) have been shown to harbour these organisms despite the low likelihood that any animals in these populations have ever received antimicrobials[9,11]. This raises the possibility that extensively-grazed food-animals in remote areas might be vulnerable to colonisation with CIA resistant Salmonella, even though www.nature.com/scientificreports/.
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