Abstract
Salmonella remains one of the notable food-borne bacterial pathogens. It is associated with poultry and poultry products including eggs. This study investigated Salmonella distribution in eggshell and content, their antimicrobial resistance pattern, and the possible risk factors driving contamination in Ogun State, Nigeria. A total of 500 eggs (5 eggs pooled into one sample) were collected and culturally examined for the presence of Salmonella serovars. Isolates were further characterized biochemically using Microbact 20E (Oxoid) and Antimicrobial susceptibility determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. A total of 14 Salmonella isolates spread across 10 serovars were recovered from the 100 pooled egg samples; 10 (10%) from the market and 4 (4%) farms, 13(13%) eggshell, and 1(1%) egg content. All tested serovars were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and kanamycin. Resistance was mostly observed in sulfamethoxazole 8 (80%), followed by ciprofloxacin 5 (50%) and tetracycline 3 (30%). Sales of eggs in the market appear to be a strong factor encouraging contamination in addition to poor biosecurity and unhygienic handling of eggs on the farm.
Highlights
Poultry eggs provide a significant amount of animal protein in Nigeria and other developing Sub-Saharan nations since they are cheap, available, and have little or no limitation in acceptance across the socio-cultural and religious divide [1,2]
Of the 100 samples pooled from 500 eggs, 14 (14%) from markets (n = 10), and farms (n = 4) were positive for Salmonella spread across shell (13/14, 92.9%) and content (1/14; 7.1%) (Table 1)
While the national study employed a matrix of five samples from poultry environments, the current study focused on pooled poultry egg samples
Summary
Poultry eggs provide a significant amount of animal protein in Nigeria and other developing Sub-Saharan nations since they are cheap, available, and have little or no limitation in acceptance across the socio-cultural and religious divide [1,2]. With a poultry population of approximately 180 million, Nigeria produces an average of 3.8 million eggs annually [3]. This important agricultural sector is burdened by infectious diseases including Salmonella enterica [4]. A national survey reported Salmonella prevalence to be 43.6% among commercial poultry farms in Nigeria [5]. In the United States, about 1.4 million people are infected annually, with approximately 15,000 hospitalizations and 4000 deaths [9]
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