Salmonella – At Home in the Host Cell

Seth Winfree,Olivia Steele-Mortimer,Courtney Luterbach,Carrie E. Jolly,Preeti Malik-Kale,Stephanie Lathrop

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00125

Abstract

The Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica has developed an array of sophisticated tools to manipulate the host cell and establish an intracellular niche, for successful propagation as a facultative intracellular pathogen. While Salmonella exerts diverse effects on its host cell, only the cell biology of the classic “trigger”-mediated invasion process and the subsequent development of the Salmonella-containing vacuole have been investigated extensively. These processes are dependent on cohorts of effector proteins translocated into host cells by two type III secretion systems (T3SS), although T3SS-independent mechanisms of entry may be important for invasion of certain host cell types. Recent studies into the intracellular lifestyle of Salmonella have provided new insights into the mechanisms used by this pathogen to modulate its intracellular environment. Here we discuss current knowledge of Salmonella-host interactions including invasion and establishment of an intracellular niche within the host.

Highlights

Salmonella enterica are facultative intracellular pathogens that are found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammalian, avian, and reptilian hosts
EARLY VACUOLE DEVELOPMENT – T3SS1 EFFECTORS, SPACIOUS VACUOLES, AND TUBULES Immediately after formation, the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) undergoes rapid membrane remodeling (Figure 1) predominantly driven by the activities of the T3SS1 effector SopB, which is translocated during entry and persists in the host cell for several hours following invasion (Kubori and Galan, 2003; Drecktrah et al, 2005)
Since SopB is required for formation of both SNX1 and SNX3 tubules (Bujny et al, 2008; Braun et al, 2010), modulation of phosphoinositides in the SCV membrane by this T3SS1 effector appears to be a prerequisite for SCV biogenesis

Summary

Introduction

Salmonella enterica are facultative intracellular pathogens that are found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammalian, avian, and reptilian hosts. T3SS effectors are essential for both invasion and the subsequent establishment of the intracellular niche by Salmonella (Figure 1).

Results

Conclusion