Abstract
Caries are a pathological process of extracorporeal nature, characterized by demineralization of inorganic substances as well as proteolysis triggered by acids produced by bacteria present in dental plaque, as a result of metabolism of sugars of both external and internal origin. Periodontal disease, on the other hand, is a multifactorial degenerative disease associated with inflammation, involving a group of tissues that surround the dental cervix and root of the tooth. It is believed that one of the mechanisms in the etiopathogenesis of caries and periodontitis are disorders of local and/or general oxidative stress (OS) parameters. Numerous clinical studies have confirmed the relationship between oxidative stress markers and oral diseases. In most analyzed studies, technical and biological variability was so high that none of the markers so far has proven suitable for routine clinical use. The aim of systematic reviews of the literature is to present the existing studies on OS parameters, mainly concerning the activity of antioxidant enzymes in saliva of patients with caries and periodontitis.
Highlights
Caries are a pathological process of extracorporeal nature, characterized by demineralization of inorganic substances as well as proteolysis triggered by acids produced by bacteria present in dental plaque, as a result of metabolism of sugars of both external and internal origin
One-hundred-and-sixty publications were excluded from this review—15 of them were illustrative publications, 2 systematic reviews, 2 meta-analyses, 76 publications concerned persons with coexisting diseases, smokers or studies in which exogenous antioxidants were used, 7 publications were in a language other than English and 58 articles did not concern periodontal diseases
The markers assessed in periodontitis were total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (11 publications), 8-OHdG (9 publications), MDA (8 publications), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) (7 publications), total oxidant status status (TOS) (4 publications), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), melatonin
Summary
Caries are a pathological process of extracorporeal nature, characterized by demineralization of inorganic substances as well as proteolysis triggered by acids produced by bacteria present in dental plaque, as a result of metabolism of sugars of both external and internal origin. It is believed that one of the mechanisms in the etiopathogenesis of caries and periodontitis are disorders of local and/or general oxidative stress (OS) parameters. Numerous clinical studies have confirmed the relationship between oxidative stress markers and oral diseases. The aim of systematic reviews of the literature is to present the existing studies on OS parameters, mainly concerning the activity of antioxidant enzymes in saliva of patients with caries and periodontitis. Saliva is an accessible bioliquid, obtained in a noninvasive and stress-free manner due to painless collection [1,2]. This aspect is extremely important for young children as well as the elderly.
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