Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in humans proceed through a continuous change of biochemical and biophysical processes. It requires a constant interaction between the fetus and the maternal system. The present prospective study aims to elucidate changes in salivary proteome from the early to middle stages of term pregnancy, and establishing an expressional trajectory for modulated proteins. To date, a comprehensive characterization of the longitudinal salivary proteome in pregnancy has not been performed and it is our immediate interest. In the discovery phase, maternal saliva (N = 20) at 6–13, 18–21, and 26–29 weeks of gestation was analyzed using level-free proteomics (SWATH-MS) approach. The expression levels of 65 proteins were found to change significantly with gestational age and distributed into two distinct clusters with a unique expression trajectory. The results revealed that altered proteins are involved in maternal immune modulation, metabolism, and host defense mechanism. Further, verification of 12 proteins was employed using targeted mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) in a separate subset of saliva (N = 14). The MRM results of 12 selected proteins confirmed a similar expression pattern as in SWATH-MS analysis. Overall, the results not only demonstrate the longitudinal maternal saliva proteome for the first time but also set the groundwork for comparative analysis between term birth and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Highlights
The establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in humans proceed through a continuous change of biochemical and biophysical processes
Our 34 study participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study represent the semi-urban population of a northern state in India
Our bioinformatics analyses have shown that the function of these processes is mediated through the 35 central regulatory proteins
Summary
The establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in humans proceed through a continuous change of biochemical and biophysical processes It requires a constant interaction between the fetus and the maternal system. The results demonstrate the longitudinal maternal saliva proteome for the first time and set the groundwork for comparative analysis between term birth and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study demonstrates longitudinal maternal saliva proteome changes in normal pregnancy for the first time. The proteomics study of saliva in term birth pregnancy cannot be derived in adverse pregnancy outcomes. This information may provide useful background knowledge to target the specific molecular pathways in biomarker discovery
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