Abstract
Background: Because of the important role in regulating the immune system, increasing evidence suggests a possible implication of gut microbiota in Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Although the oral cavity is the first site of contact between microbiota and the immune system, the association between salivary microbiota and CSU has not yet been reported. Objective: This case-control study aimed to compare differences in salivary microbiota between CSU patients and healthy controls (HC). Twenty-three participants—13 patients with CSU and 10 HC were enrolled; salivary microbiota was determined by molecular approach targeting 16S ribosomal RNA. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis was performed. Results: Alpha diversity of salivary microbiota in CSU patients was significantly reduced compared to HC, resulting in alteration of the community composition. Species richness determined via the Shannon index was significantly reduced in the CSU group. Conclusion: Dysbiosis of salivary microbiota may contribute to a dysregulated immune system in the development of CSU. To our knowledge, this was the first study that reported an alteration in salivary microbiota composition in CSU patients.
Highlights
Chronic urticaria (CU) is defined as a continuous or intermittent occurrence of wheals, angioedema, or both for more than 6 weeks [1]
Our major findings revealed that alpha diversity of between chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) patients and healthy controls (HC)
Our major findings revealed that alpha diversity of salivary salivary microbiota
Summary
Chronic urticaria (CU) is defined as a continuous or intermittent occurrence of wheals, angioedema, or both for more than 6 weeks [1]. The prevalence of CU is increasing worldwide, with an overall point prevalence of 0.7%, ranging from 0.1% to 1.5% in adults [2,3]. Children population is affected in a similar proportion, with prevalence ranging from 0.1% to 3% [4]. Women are affected nearly twice as often as men, with the peak age between 20 and 40 years [5]. Based on the relevance of triggering factors, CU is classified into two categories–. Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and chronic inducible urticaria (CInd) [1]. 80% of CU cases are CSU with no identified triggering stimuli or specific allergens [6]. Debilitating symptoms and often unsuccessful treatment affect patients’ performance at work and school and significantly impair quality of life [2]. The course of the disease can be self-limiting, in 10–25% of patients, it lasts longer than 5 years [7]
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