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Abstract
Background and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the salivary microbiome in healthy peri-implant sites and those with peri-implantitis.MethodsSaliva samples were collected from 21 participants with healthy peri-implant sites and 21 participants with peri-implantitis. The V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using the Ion Torrent PGM System (Ion 318™ Chip v2 400). The NGS analysis and composition of the salivary microbiome were determined by taxonomy assignment. Downstream bioinformatic analyses were performed in QIIME (v 1.9.1).ResultsClinical differences according to peri-implant condition status were found. Alpha diversity metrics revealed that the bacterial communities of participants with healthy peri-implant sites tended to have a richer microbial composition than individuals with peri-implantitis. In terms of beta diversity, bleeding on probing (BoP) may influence the microbial diversity. However, no clear partitioning was noted between the salivary microbiome of volunteers with healthy peri-implant sites or volunteers with peri-implantitis. The highest relative abundance of Stenotrophomonas, Enterococcus and Leuconostoc genus, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Prevotella copri, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Bacteroides stercoris bacterial species was found in participants with peri-implantitis when compared with those with healthy peri-implant sites.ConclusionDifferences in salivary microbiome composition were observed between patients with healthy peri-implant sites and those with peri-implantitis. BoP could affect the diversity (beta diversity) of the salivary microbiome.
Highlights
The use of dental implants to restore or replace lost tooth structure in partially and completely edentulous subjects is a successful treatment in Dentistry
Besides the absence of previous studies evaluating the salivary microbiome of peri-implantitis and the sample sizes described in recent studies (Apatzidou et al, 2017; Belkacemi et al, 2018; Kröger et al, 2018; Pimentel et al, 2018) that evaluated the microbiome of samples of dental implants from crevicular fluid and inner part, the present sample population was consistent for this case–control study
Forty-two volunteers were included in this study, 21 patients with healthy peri-implant sites and 21 patients with periimplantitis
Summary
The prevalence of peri-implant diseases is growing in the same proportion and ranged between 1% and 47% (Lee et al, 2017; Salvi et al, 2017). Peri-implant diseases are highly prevalent in subjects with diabetes, smoking cigarettes, and history or presence of periodontitis. The etiology of peri-implantitis has been the subject of some debate; since it has been established that this infectious disease is associated with a complex bacterial biofilm (Shibli et al, 2008; Pérez-Chaparro et al, 2016; Lafaurie et al, 2017; Teles, 2017; Retamal-Valdes et al, 2019; Yeh et al, 2019). As there is continually growing prevalence of this condition, it is of the utmost importance to characterize the specificity of the dental biofilm related to peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to examine the salivary microbiome in healthy peri-implant sites and those with peri-implantitis
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