Salivary Lipid Peroxidation and Total Sialic Acid Levels in Smokers and Smokeless Tobacco Users as Maraş Powder

Naciye Kurtul,Engin Gökpınar

doi:10.1155/2012/619293

Naciye Kurtul, Engin Gökpınar

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/619293

Copy DOI

Abstract

Maraş powder (MP), a different type of smokeless tobacco (ST) and prepared from a tobacco of species Nicotiana rustica Linn, is widely used in Turkey. We aimed to investigate the effects of MP on salivary total sialic acid (TSA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and to compare these parameters in smokers and MP users (MPUs). The salivary TSA and MDA concentrations were significantly higher in the smokers and MPU than those of control subjects and also in MPU than that of smokers. We have also observed that as the number of cigarettes consumed and MP amount increases, TSA and MDA levels increase too. In smokers, MDA values were significantly correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked and the duration of smoking. In MPU, both MDA and TSA levels were significantly correlated with the duration of MP use and the amount of daily consumed MP. We have concluded increased salivary TSA and MDA levels associated in MPU and smokers. Results can help to evaluate harmful effects of these habits. It is important to point out that bigger change in the measured parameters has been observed for MP use. This observation may be an important indication of harmful effects of ST use as MP.

Highlights

Cigarette smoking is a serious public health hazard
Our study shows that salivary total sialic acid (TSA) and MDA levels were significantly increased in smokers and MP users (MPUs)
From the results obtained we can conclude that increased salivary TSA associated with lipid peroxidation (LPO) in MPU and smokers

Summary

Introduction

Cigarette smoking is a serious public health hazard. Smokeless tobacco (ST) is widely used as chewing tobacco and as oral snuff in the United States, Western Europe, southern parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, southern African countries, and the Sudan in northeast Africa [1,2,3,4]. In Kahramanmaras, a city located in southern Turkey, ST is widely consumed instead of cigarette smoking, and this habit has become increasingly popular among the males, especially among children and male adolescents. Snuff is a term used to describe a wide variety of products containing finely ground tobacco as a principal constituent and other additives. In Kahramanmaras, a different type of ST, locally called as “Maraspowder (MP)” or “oral powder,” and “powder,” has been used for a long time. This powder is mostly preferred while trying to quit smoking or lessen it.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion