Abstract
Background: Recent articles have hypothesized a possible correlation between dental implants dissolution products and peri-implantitis. The null hypothesis tested in this case-control study was that there would be no differences in salivary concentrations of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni) and arsenic (As) ions among patients with dental implants, healthy (Group A) or affected by peri-implantitis (Group B), compared to subjects without implants and/or metallic prosthetic restorations (Group C). Methods: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to analyze saliva samples. One-way repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify statistically significant differences in the salivary level of Ti, V, Ni and As between the three groups. Results: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study (42 males and 58 females), distributed in three groups: 50 patients in Group C, 26 patients in Group B and 24 patients Group B. In our study, concentrations of metallic ions were higher in Group A and B, compared to the control group, with the exception of vanadium. However, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) for metallic ions concentrations between Group A and Group B. Conclusions: Based on our results, there are no differences in titanium or other metals concentrations in saliva of patients with healthy or diseased implants.
Highlights
Dental implants are usually made of commercially pure titanium or titanium-based alloys (Ti-6Al-4V), these metals, as well as showing great long-term success and survival rates [1,2], are known to be bio compatibles and chemically inert in the oral cavity and considered corrosion-resistant
Titanium and other metals particles released by dental implants are not totally bioinert: they induce the release of mediating inflammation cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and the secretion of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)
Statistical significant differences in mean concentration were found between the Group C and the groups: subjects with clinically healthy implants (Group A) (p < 0.001) and between the Group C and the Group B (p < 0.001) (Table 2)
Summary
Dental implants are usually made of commercially pure titanium or titanium-based alloys (Ti-6Al-4V), these metals, as well as showing great long-term success and survival rates [1,2], are known to be bio compatibles and chemically inert in the oral cavity and considered corrosion-resistant. Titanium and other metals particles released by dental implants are not totally bioinert: they induce the release of mediating inflammation cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and the secretion of RANKL. These present an immunogenic potential which—by acting as a secondary inflammatory stimulus in peri-implantitis—amplifies bone resorption [10]. The null hypothesis tested in this case-control study was that there would be no differences in salivary concentrations of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni) and arsenic (As) ions among patients with dental implants, healthy (Group A) or affected by peri-implantitis (Group B), compared to subjects without implants and/or metallic prosthetic restorations (Group C). Conclusions: Based on our results, there are no differences in titanium or other metals concentrations in saliva of patients with healthy or diseased implants
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