Salivary Interleukin-1 Levels in Chronic Periodontitis Patients after use of Nigella Sativa (Kalonji) Oil

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Periodontitis is the second most prevalent microbiome associated inflammatory disease posing a threat to oral health. Nigella sativa (Kalonji) has been used since ancient times as a remedy for oral inflammatory conditions. Interleukin1 (IL-1 ) is critical for periodontal inflammation, collagen degradation and bone turn over. The motive of our study was to determine the change in the levels of salivary IL-1 after the use of Nigella sativa oil to determine if it has any correlation with salivary IL-1 . METHODOLOGY: A parallel-arm triple-blind placebo-based randomized control trial was conducted on a total of ninety three patients. Out of these, fifty individuals with chronic periodontitis were included in the study as per the eligibility criteria. Baseline screening of the participants was done via clinical periodontal parameters such as periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BoP). These individuals were categorized into two groups; 1. Control Group (n=25), which was given normal saline as placebo; 2. Treatment Group, which was given Nigella sativa oil (n=25). All participants underwent scaling and root planing before the start of the trial. The intervention was given for two weeks. Salivary samples were collected on day 0 and day 15 and were evaluated for interleukin-1 levels using ELISA. The statistical interpretation was done using IBM SPSS (version 25.0, SPSS Inc.) on forty participants due to loss to follow up. RESULTS: Levels of salivary interleukin-1 came out to be statistically insignificant after two-week use of Nigella sativa oil. CONCLUSION: No correlation was found between the salivary IL-1 and the use of Nigella sativa oil in patients with chronic periodontitis in contrast to the patients using normal saline. KEYWORDS: Chronic periodontitis, Interleukin-1 , Nigella sativa, Kalonji, Salivary HOW TO CITE: Hassan G, Ghafoor S, Chaudhry S, Khan ZA. Salivary interleukin-1 Levels in chronic periodontitis patients after use of nigella sativa (Kalonji) oil. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):205-210.