Salivary Interleukin 1-beta levels and clinical periodontal parameters in habitual naswar users and non-users.

Zaeem Arif Abbasi,Adnan Mustafa Zubairi,Mervyn Hosein,Naila Irum Hadi

doi:10.12669/pjms.35.3.10

Abstract

Objectives:Aim of our study was to assess the expression of salivary Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) and clinical periodontal parameters in naswar users and non-users (controls).Methods:Eighty four individuals (forty-two naswar users and forty-two controls) were included in the study which was conducted between August 2017 and May 2018. Salivary IL-1β levels, plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) was assessed in all the participants.Results:PD of 4mm (p<0.05), PD of 5-6mm (p<0.05), CAL (p<0.001) and levels of salivary IL-1β (p<0.05) were significantly higher among naswar users as compared to controls while PI, BOP and number of missing teeth showed no significant difference among the two groups (p>0.05).Conclusion:Periodontal inflammatory conditions were worse and salivary IL-1β levels were elevated in naswar users as compared to controls.

Highlights

Naswar is categorized as one of the smokeless tobacco products (STPs), the ingredients of which are mainly sundried crushed local tobacco, ash, calcium oxide, and sometimes flavoring agents as well as coloring agents.[1]
Convenience sampling technique was used for recruitment of participants from the dental outpatient department (OPD) of Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
A total of eighty-four male subjects were included in the study

Summary

Introduction

Naswar is categorized as one of the smokeless tobacco products (STPs), the ingredients of which are mainly sundried crushed local tobacco, ash, calcium oxide (slaked lime), and sometimes flavoring agents (e.g., cardamom, menthol) as well as coloring agents (indigo).[1] It is commonly used in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Central Asia and South Africa.[1] Naswar usage is gaining popularity as it is available and being consumed in different parts of the world including England.[2] It is prepared and wrapped into small plastic bags which even lack safety warnings.[1] It is used mostly by applying and retaining it in the vestibular cavity adjacent to the buccal or labial mucosa or at times under the tongue.[2] All the other types of STPs are consumed via chewing but naswar is never bitten because of its bad taste.[2]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion