Abstract
Objective: The goal of the current investigation was to explore whether salivary DJ-1 could be a potential biomarker for monitoring disease progression in Parkinson's disease (PD) by evaluating the association between salivary DJ-1 concentrations and nigrostriatal dopaminergic function.Methods: First, in 74 patients with PD and 12 age-matched normal controls, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging with labeled dopamine transporters (DAT) (99mTc-TRODAT-1), which has been used for measuring DAT density in PD was prformed. Then, the DJ-1 level in their saliva was analyzed by quantitative and sensitive Luminex assay and compared to caudate or putamen DAT density. Finally, based on the above, our cross-section study was carried out in 376 research volunteers (285 patients with PD and 91 healthy controls) to measure salivary DJ-1 level.Results: From our analysis, we found a correlation between salivary concentration of DJ-1 and putamen nucleus uptake of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 in the PD group. Although salivary DJ-1 levels were not affected by UPDRS scores, gender, age, and pharmacotherapy, DJ-1 levels in H&Y 4 stage of PD were higher than those in H&Y 1-3 stage as well as those in healthy controls. Salivary DJ-1 also decreased significantly in mixed type PD patients compared to the tremor-dominant type (TDT) and akinetic-rigid dominant type (ARDT) PD patients.Conclusions: According to the investigation in a large cohort, we reported for the first time the prognostic potential of the salivary DJ-1 as a biomarker for evaluating nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in PD.
Highlights
Parkinson disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affects approximately 1.6% of the population over the age of 65 (Wright Willis et al, 2010)
According to the investigation in a large cohort, we reported for the first time the prognostic potential of the salivary DJ-1 as a biomarker for evaluating nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in PD
Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with radiotracer imaging in the presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic system has enabled the study of nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in PD patients, a technique with excellent reproducibility for improving clinical diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and evaluate the efficacy of putative neuroprotective therapies (Marek et al, 2001; Stoessl, 2012). 99mTc-TRODAT-1, developed by Kung et al (1997), has high affinity and selectivity for Dopamine transporters (DAT), which are located in dopaminergic nerve terminals and mediate dopamine reuptake
Summary
Parkinson disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affects approximately 1.6% of the population over the age of 65 (Wright Willis et al, 2010). The identification of useful biomarkers to make an early diagnosis, or for monitoring progression, of PD is needed (Jankovic, 2008; Haas et al, 2012). Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with radiotracer imaging in the presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic system has enabled the study of nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in PD patients, a technique with excellent reproducibility for improving clinical diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and evaluate the efficacy of putative neuroprotective therapies (Marek et al, 2001; Stoessl, 2012). In addition to its clinical advantages, such as stability and low toxicity, 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT imaging has excellent test/retest reproducibility for longitudinal evaluation of nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in PD patients (Hwang et al, 2004)
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