Abstract
Background and ObjectiveAnalysis of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva could offer an attractive opportunity for the diagnosis of different systemic conditions specifically in epidemiological surveys. The aim of this study was to investigate if certain salivary biomarkers could be used for detection of common systemic diseases.Materials and MethodsA randomly selected sample of 1000 adults living in Skåne, a county in the southern part of Sweden, was invited to participate in a clinical study of oral health. 451 individuals were enrolled in this investigation, 51% women. All participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire, history was taken, a clinical examination was made and stimulated saliva samples were collected. Salivary concentrations of IL-1β, -6, -8, TNF-α, lysozyme, MMP-8 and TIMP-1 were determined using ELISA, IFMA or Luminex assays.ResultsSalivary IL-8 concentration was found to be twice as high in subjects who had experience of tumour diseases. In addition, IL-8 levels were also elevated in patients with bowel disease. MMP-8 levels were elevated in saliva from patients after cardiac surgery or suffering from diabetes, and muscle and joint diseases. The levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and MMP-8, as well as the MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio were higher in subjects with muscle and joint diseases.ConclusionBiomarkers in saliva have the potential to be used for screening purposes in epidemiological studies. The relatively unspecific inflammatory markers used in this study can not be used for diagnosis of specific diseases but can be seen as markers for increased systemic inflammation.
Highlights
Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva could offer an attractive solution for the diagnosis of different systemic conditions in epidemiological surveys.Human saliva is composed of 98% water and 2% other compounds, such as electrolytes, mucus, antibacterial compounds, and various enzymes
matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 levels were elevated in saliva from patients after cardiac surgery or suffering from diabetes, and muscle and joint diseases
The levels of IL-1b, IL-8 and MMP-8, as well as the MMP-8/tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 ratio were higher in subjects with muscle and joint diseases
Summary
Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva could offer an attractive solution for the diagnosis of different systemic conditions in epidemiological surveys.Human saliva is composed of 98% water and 2% other compounds, such as electrolytes, mucus, antibacterial compounds, and various enzymes. Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva could offer an attractive solution for the diagnosis of different systemic conditions in epidemiological surveys. Several types of inflammatory biomarkers associated with both oral diseases, as well as systemic diseases have been detected in saliva, such as interleukins-1b, -6 and -8 (IL-1b, -6 and -8), tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 and -9 [2,3,4,5,6]. An increasing number of specific molecular markers for different diseases, such as oral and breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are being identified [7,8,9]. Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva could offer an attractive opportunity for the diagnosis of different systemic conditions in epidemiological surveys. The aim of this study was to investigate if certain salivary biomarkers could be used for detection of common systemic diseases
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