Abstract
Objective: To compare salivary and serum biochemical levels in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Material and Methods: The sample was composed of 57 patients treated in Hemodialysis Reference Centers, from a state of Northeastern Brazilian, with age ≥21 years old with at least 3 months of hemodialysis treatment time. Serum data were obtained from records. Unstimulated and stimulated saliva were collected. Flow rate (mL/min) was measured. Spectrophotometry was performed for the measurement of salivary levels of calcium (570 nm), urea (340 nm), and creatinine (510 nm). Statistical analysis used Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p<0.05). Results: Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates were 0.43 mL/min and 1.69 mL/min, respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.001) of levels of calcium (5.41 mg/dL and 9.70 mg/dL), urea (118.03 mg/dL and 183.22 mg/dL) and creatinine (0.59 mg/dL and 9.20 mg/dL) between saliva and serum, respectively. Concerning the time of hemodialysis, salivary and serum calcium not exhibited significant association; however, serum urea (p=0.012) and serum creatinine (p=0.025) showed significant association to the time of hemodialysis. Conclusion: Salivary biochemical levels of urea, creatinine and calcium can indicate the presence of a possible chronic renal failure and the saliva demonstrated to be a potential auxiliary biofluid for clinical monitoring renal alterations.
Highlights
According to The Global Burden of Disease study is estimated that 1.2 million people have died of kidney failure, with an increase of 32.0% since 2005
Salivary biochemical levels of urea, creatinine and calcium can indicate the presence of a possible chronic renal failure and the saliva demonstrated to be a potential auxiliary biofluid for clinical monitoring renal alterations
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a progressive disease characterized by the gradual destruction of nephrons and a consequent reduction of kidney function occurring over a few months or years [5,6,7]
Summary
According to The Global Burden of Disease study is estimated that 1.2 million people have died of kidney failure, with an increase of 32.0% since 2005. It has been observed that 5 to 10 million people die each year from kidney disease [1,2,3,4]. With the development of that process, the glomerular filtration rate reduces below 15 mL/min, leading to accumulation of metabolic such as urea and creatinine in serum [4,8,9,10,11,12,13]. High creatinine levels indicate CRF; its activities are raised, indicating a lowered glomerular filtration rate [11,13,14]
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