Abstract
Saliva is often neglected as a body fluid of diagnostic or prognostic value, even though generally well accepted by the patients. This is due to lack of a standardized collection procedure. The aim of this study was to identify the ideal saliva collection technique and develop new sensitive methods to detect and analyse markers related to pain in healthy pain-free subjects. Plasma and five different saliva collection approached was evaluated during strictly controlled conditions. Levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) were determined using novel western blotting based technology. Glutamate and substance P (SP) was determined using commercial available methods. Several new isoforms were found for NGF, CGRP and BDNF in saliva. The isoform pattern showed significant variation in both expression and chemiluminescence levels between different collection methods. New sensitive methods to study pain related markers in saliva were developed in this study. Furthermore, we are first to demonstrate a correlation between the Glutamate concentration in stimulated whole saliva and blood. However, the fundamental conclusion drawn is the importance of consistency in the collection method.
Highlights
IntroductionSalivary diagnostics have received increasing attention. The salivary glands are integrated into the neuroendocrine system and contains a wide array of biomarkers that might play important roles in the pathophysiology of chronic pain conditions[1]
During the past decades, salivary diagnostics have received increasing attention
The aims of this study were to evaluate the concentration of Nerve growth factor (NGF), Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), glutamate and substance P (SP) and their relation to plasma in saliva collected with different methods, and to develop new sensitive technology to study salivary NGF, CGRP and BDNF and different isoforms of these
Summary
Salivary diagnostics have received increasing attention. The salivary glands are integrated into the neuroendocrine system and contains a wide array of biomarkers that might play important roles in the pathophysiology of chronic pain conditions[1]. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), and substance P (SP) are other examples of abundant neuropeptides in nervous tissue These play important roles in the development of pain and hyperalgesia. There is evidence that salivary SP levels increases with noxious stimulation, indicating that SP may play a role in central sensitization associated with chronic pain[7,10]. These findings indicate that on-going activity in sensory neurons may be reflected in the change of the peripheral neuropeptide concentration. The aims of this study were to evaluate the concentration of NGF, CGRP, BDNF, glutamate and SP and their relation to plasma in saliva collected with different methods, and to develop new sensitive technology to study salivary NGF, CGRP and BDNF and different isoforms of these
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