Salinity-induced change in green vegetation and land use patterns using remote sensing, NDVI, and GIS techniques: A case study on the southwestern coast of Bangladesh

Abstract

This study measured the salinity in the surface water, groundwater, and soils of the southwestern coast of Bangladesh to illustrate the changes in vegetation patterns of the area by NDVI values through RS and GIS. The top soils are found more saline than the sub-soils, and the salinity decreased with soil depths mostly towards the river's flow paths. Almost 50, 86, 100, and 72% of samples of the pond, Gher/agricultural field, river/Khal, and groundwater, respectively are identified as brackish. From the year of 1989–2020, the saline-rich waterlogging area was found to increase while the green vegetation decreased considerably.