Abstract
Salinity is becoming a major threat to plant productivity loss in agricultural system. Plants respond to saline environment by modulating the inherent mechanisms to adjust to the changing environment. The understanding of the mechanisms that plants operate under saline environment is essential beginning in efforts to reduce the adverse effects of salinity stress. The agricultural system is tightly linked with the fertilizer input and thus the judicious application of fertilizers is expected to lead positive effects in reversing the salinity effects. Sulfur is a macronutrient with essential roles in plant development under optimal and stressful environment. Several compounds are synthesized from sulfur metabolism useful in reversing the adverse effects of abiotic stress because of their free radicals scavenging property. Sulfur-containing metabolites, amino acids (cysteine and methionine), vitamins (biotin and thiamine), thioredoxin system, glutathione lipoic acid and glucosinolats have potential to promote or modify physiological and molecular processes under salinity stress in plants. Thus, modulation of sulfur metabolites production could alter physiological and molecular mechanisms to provide tolerance against salinity. The present review discusses the role of sulfur-containing compounds in modifying various physiological and molecular processes in plants to confer salinity tolerance in plants.
Highlights
Salinity is a major abiotic stress which adversely affects plant processes at physiological, biochemical and molecular level and reduces plant productivity [1,2]
The present review focuses on improving our understanding towards the potentiality of S metabolites in modulation of biochemical, physiological and molecular processes to confer tolerance in plants under salt stress
The increasing salinity is an imminent threat to soil fertility and agricultural productivity
Summary
Salinity is a major abiotic stress which adversely affects plant processes at physiological, biochemical and molecular level and reduces plant productivity [1,2]. Among various mechanisms adopted by plants to cope with the increasing salinityinduced oxidative stress, maintaining redox state of cell through increased sulfur (S) metabolism and production of S-containing compounds are of paramount importance. It is, necessary to consolidate our understanding on the S metabolism for improving salinity tolerance in plants. Khan et al [9] and Nocito [10] have shown that S is necessary for abiotic stress tolerance of plants being an integral part of major metabolic compounds, such as amino acids (methionine; Met and cysteine; Cys), antioxidant (GSH), proteins, and sulfolipids. The present review focuses on improving our understanding towards the potentiality of S metabolites in modulation of biochemical, physiological and molecular processes to confer tolerance in plants under salt stress
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